Smart Farming for Sustainable Food Production

Chayanika Nath, Sarmistha Borgohain, Pranjit Baruah, Pranabesh Barman

Abstract

Global food systems are under mounting pressure from a growing population, shrinking arable land and an increasingly unstable climate. Smart farming the integration of sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and data analytics into agricultural management has emerged as a practical pathway toward producing more food with fewer resources. The core technologies underpinning smart farming, their documented effects on yield, water use and input efficiency and the socio-economic and infrastructural barriers that slow adoption, particularly among smallholder farmers. Evidence drawn from recent peer-reviewed literature indicates that precision irrigation, remote sensing and AI-based decision support can raise productivity while lowering the environmental footprint of farming. Smart farming is not a single technology but a management philosophy and that its sustainability benefits depend on parallel investment in digital infrastructure, farmer training and supportive policy.