Precision Farming in Agriculture and the Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence and IoT

Pranabesh Barman

Abstract

Precision farming in agriculture represents an important shift from generalised field management to highly specific decision making based on real world information. The need for this change has become increasingly urgent due to climate uncertainty declining soil fertility and the global demand for sustainable food production. Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things have emerged as transformative forces that improve the accuracy and efficiency of farming operations. Artificial Intelligence can process vast quantities of data and identify complex patterns in crop growth soil behaviour and weather dynamics. The IoT provides the continuous field level data that AI requires for meaningful interpretation. Together these systems support precise irrigation targeted fertiliser application early disease detection and improved yield forecasting. They also make farm management more resilient by enabling data driven strategies that reduce waste and enhance environmental responsibility. This article presents a detailed and easy to understand exploration of how AI and the IoT are shaping precision farming in agriculture. The discussion includes practical examples benefits limitations and future opportunities supported by internationally recognised peer reviewed literature. The aim is to provide a clear and accessible explanation that meets global academic standards.