Precision Agriculture: A Data-Driven Approach to Sustainable and Efficient Farming Systems

Himadri Rabha and Pallavi Deka

Abstract

Precision agriculture represents a transformative approach to modern farming by integrating advanced technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize agricultural productivity and sustainability. This data-driven system enables farmers to monitor field variability, apply inputs accurately and make informed decisions in real time. The adoption of precision agriculture has significantly improved crop yields, reduced resource wastage and minimized environmental impacts. This article explores the principles, technologies, applications and benefits of precision agriculture, with a focus on its role in enhancing efficiency and sustainability in farming systems. It also examines the challenges associated with its adoption, particularly in developing countries and discusses future prospects. The study concludes that precision agriculture is a key driver of sustainable agricultural intensification and food security in the face of growing global challenges.