Innovative Feed Resources in Aquaculture Based on Algal and Insect Biomass

Aquaculture has become a major contributor to global food production, yet its sustainability is increasingly constrained by dependence on conventional feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil. These resources are finite and associated with ecological concerns, necessitating the development of alternative feed sources. Algae and insects have emerged as promising candidates due to their high nutritional value, efficient production systems and reduced environmental footprint. Algal biomass provides essential fatty acids, bioactive compounds and micronutrients, while insect derived meals offer high quality protein and favourable amino acid profiles. Integration of these resources into aquaculture diets has demonstrated positive effects on growth performance, feed utilization and immune responses of cultured species. However, challenges related to production cost, variability in nutrient composition, processing requirements and regulatory constraints remain. Advancements in biotechnology and feed formulation strategies are expected to enhance their applicability. The incorporation of algae and insects into aquafeeds represents a viable pathway toward sustainable and resilient aquaculture systems.