Integrating Nutrition and Metabolic Health Across Animal Systems

Rupak Kr. Taye and Dipangka Saikia

Abstract
Nutrition plays a fundamental regulatory role in metabolic health across ruminants, monogastrics, aquaculture species and companion animals. Beyond supplying essential nutrients, diets influence gene expression, oxidative balance, immune responses and gut microbiome function, all of which shape metabolic resilience. Species-specific nutritional strategies are required to address diverse metabolic vulnerabilities such as ketosis in dairy cattle, fatty liver in poultry, lipid deposition in fish and obesity in pets. Functional feed additives including antioxidants, phytogenics, amino acids, enzymes and microbial supplements offer targeted metabolic support. Sustainable nutrition approaches, such as alternative proteins, precision feeding and circular nutrient systems, further enhance metabolic efficiency while reducing environmental impact. Integrating these strategies enables improved health, productivity and welfare across animal systems, demonstrating the centrality of nutrition in metabolic regulation.