Ecological Roles, Behavioural Patterns and Conservation Concerns of the Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus medius)

Pteropus medius, commonly known as the Indian Flying Fox, is among the largest bat species found in South Asia and plays a significant role in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. The species typically roosts in large trees, frequently located near water sources and human habitations. Its diet primarily includes fruits, nectar and tender leaves from a wide range of plant species, emphasizing its ecological importance in seed dispersal, pollination and the maintenance of forest biodiversity. Pteropus medius exhibits complex social organization, seasonal movement patterns and interactions with various non-human animals. Although currently categorized as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), populations are declining in many regions due to anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, tree felling, hunting and the installation of electrical transmission lines. This review further highlights major research gaps, particularly concerning migration ecology and human bat interactions. Strengthening research through advanced scientific approaches and promoting public awareness are crucial for the effective long-term conservation of this ecologically important chiropteran species.