Perspectives and Aspects of natural Fish Farming

Rupak Kr. Taye and Kapil Deb Nath

Abstract

Natural farming has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical-based agricultural practices. In recent years, increasing concerns over environmental degradation, declining soil fertility, water pollution and health risks associated with synthetic fertilizers and pesticides have led to renewed interest in natural farming approaches. The present article highlights the perspectives and various aspects of natural fish farming as an ecological approach to sustainable aquaculture. Natural fish farming emphasizes the use of locally available resources, indigenous fish species, farm-made bio-inputs and traditional knowledge systems to maintain the ecological balance of pond ecosystems. The system relies on the natural food web dynamics of aquatic environments and discourages the use of external inputs such as chemical fertilizers, antibiotics and commercial feeds. Various practices including the preparation and application of biofertilizers such as Jeevamrut and Vermiwash, integration of livestock and the use of herbal and botanical treatments for disease management are discussed. Traditional phytotherapeutic approaches using plants such as neem, garlic, turmeric and marigold have also been highlighted as eco-friendly alternatives for controlling fish diseases and improving pond health. Additionally, indigenous techniques practiced by farmers for managing pond ecology, controlling predators and improving fish survival are described. Natural fish farming not only reduces production costs but also enhances environmental sustainability, biodiversity conservation and farmer income. The integration of ecological principles with traditional knowledge makes natural aquaculture a promising strategy for sustainable fish production and rural livelihood improvement.