Alternative Protein Sources in Animal Diets

Pranita Das

Abstract:

Protein is a vital nutrient in animal diets as it supports growth, reproduction and overall productivity. Traditionally, soybean meal and fish meal have been the dominant protein sources used in livestock and aquaculture feed formulations. However, increasing global demand, fluctuating prices, environmental concerns and competition between human food and animal feed industries have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. A variety of novel and unconventional protein sources such as insect meals, single-cell proteins, algae, oilseed by-products and food industry residues have emerged as promising substitutes. This review explores the nutritional potential, advantages and challenges of these alternative proteins and discusses their relevance in achieving sustainability within modern animal production systems. Emphasis is placed on improving resource efficiency, reducing environmental impact and ensuring feed security for the future.