Production Technology of Annual Chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria L. Spach): A Profitable Loose Flower Crop for Floriculture

Annual chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria L. Spach), formerly known as Chrysanthemum coronarium L., is an important loose flower crop widely cultivated in India for garland making, religious offerings, landscaping, and ornamental purposes. Owing to its short duration, adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions, profuse flowering habit, and low cultivation cost, the crop has gained considerable commercial importance in recent years. This article presents a comprehensive review of the production technology of annual chrysanthemum based on published scientific research and thesis work. The crop thrives best under mild climatic conditions with temperatures ranging from 15–25°C and performs well in fertile, well-drained sandy loam soils rich in organic matter. Seed propagation remains the most economical and commercially accepted method of cultivation. Research findings indicate that optimum planting during October–November, appropriate spacing, timely pinching, balanced nutrient management, and integrated use of biofertilizers significantly enhance growth, flowering, and yield. Application of recommended fertilizer doses along with beneficial microorganisms such as Azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as organic formulations like Jeevamrit, has shown promising results in improving flower production and soil health. Proper irrigation, weed management, and integrated pest and disease management practices are essential for sustainable cultivation. Under recommended production practices, annual chrysanthemum can produce 15–20 t ha⁻¹ of loose flowers and offers attractive economic returns to growers. With increasing demand for loose flowers and environmentally sustainable production systems, annual chrysanthemum has emerged as a profitable and versatile crop for modern floriculture enterprises.