Quantum Computing Transforming Science and Society with Applications Challenges and Future Pathways

Ratul Nath

Abstract:

Quantum Computing (QC) represents a paradigm shift from classical computing by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics superposition, entanglement and tunneling. Unlike conventional bits that exist in binary states (0 or 1), qubits exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling exponential computational advantages for specific problem classes. The foundations of quantum computing are explored along with its applications in cryptography, optimization, healthcare and material science, while addressing technical and ethical challenges and examining regulatory and policy efforts and its future is envisioned as a transformative force for science, society and global innovation.