From Soil to Sensors: The Role of AI in Shaping the Future of Agriculture

Tarun D L and Gowtham K M

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming modern agriculture by enabling data-driven and precision-based farming practices. This paper highlights the role of AI technologies such as machine learning, sensors, drones and satellite imaging in improving crop productivity, resource-use efficiency and sustainability. AI applications including crop monitoring, precision farming, weather prediction, pest and disease detection, and smart irrigation help farmers make informed decisions and reduce input costs. Real-world innovations like AI-powered advisory systems, mobile applications and autonomous machinery demonstrate significant improvements in yield, labor efficiency and environmental conservation. Despite its advantages, the adoption of AI faces challenges such as high initial investment, limited digital literacy and infrastructural constraints, particularly in developing countries.