Climate Change Impacts in Agriculture

Banasmita Barman & Chayanika Nath

Abstract:

Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century with agriculture standing at the frontline of its impacts. As the primary sector responsible for food production and rural livelihoods, agriculture is particularly vulnerable to shifts in temperature, precipitation patterns, extreme weather events and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The consequences of climate change in agriculture are multifaceted, encompassing reduced crop productivity, increased pest and disease outbreaks, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation and heightened risks to food security. Moreover, agriculture itself contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making it both a victim and a driver of climate change. The major impacts of climate change on agriculture are reviewed here, supported by empirical studies and global reports, while also examining regional variations and adaptation strategies. A holistic approach that integrates climate-smart agriculture, sustainable land management, technological innovation and policy support is crucial to mitigate adverse effects and ensure long-term resilience.